[1] See the official NARA pamphlet explaining these records in detail at M804.pdf. 1. Taunton: Historic Reproductions, 1975. 1781. List of the revolutionary soldiers of Virginia. The commissary accounts detail provisions for prisoners of war apparently taken at Yorktown, listing general comments, regiments, number of rations, and amount of alcohol supplied. In February, at the battle of Guilford Court House, 15 March 1781, the Delaware troops held their own against the British. The second folder includes letters from correspondents such as General Light-Horse Harry Lee and George Washington, returns of Lees partisan corps, to which McLane was attached for a time, troop returns, and pay rolls from this period. tim-thompson 1777 (11). Clark, Murtie June. . RG 1111.021 Proceedings of the Freemen . Photostats include acts of Congress pertaining to days of fasting, and business of the Council including the exporting of flour to other states and to Bermuda, complaints against Deputy Quartermaster General Francis Wade, the appointment of a deputy quartermaster, the state schooner Delaware, and efforts to regain state papers captured by the British. John Hills. Sandersons Biography of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence. In this arrangement, similar to that of other new states, the legislative branch was more powerful; as well as choosing the executive, it also nominated justices of the peace.(4). General Dagworthy and John Jones to Caesar Rodney (photostat), 1777, 22. Hundreds of New Castle County (transcripts from American Archives), 1775, 2. #302: Minutes of the Privy Council of Delaware, 1778-1792, 13. Ross, Howard De Haven. Resolves 1844, c 117 specifically cited this series among them to be rebound and its indexes recopied. Proceedings and correspondence, Kent County Committee of Correspondence (transcripts from Historical Society of Delaware), 1774-1775, 7. : University Press, 1889). 1779. He was taken into captivity wearing his dressing gown. Elting, John Robert. Since this was a new countrys first war, privateering would have a mixed impact. Samuel Patterson to Caesar Rodney (transcript), 1776, 13. On December 12, he left his men encamped near Morristown and stopped for the night at Whites Tavern in New Jersey, where he was captured by a British patrol. * Now you can import and upload your. These records are arranged alphabetically by subject heading and thereunder chronologically. A photostat of the proceedings details a call for delegates to an expected colonial congress, and the forming of the New Castle County Committee of Correspondence. Dickinsons correspondence from 1779 includes letters from colleagues, commentary on current events, and letters from Caesar Rodney regarding war-related matters. Coochs Bridge is said by some to mark the first display of the Stars and Stripes in battle. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1935. []. 2 (1950). To get the best possible experience using our website we recommend that you upgrade to a newer version or install another browser. 1778. When Lord Cornwallis moved his British Army into North Carolina, Lee's Legion entered South Carolina to protect that colony, to intimidate Loyalists and harass British expeditions. . The Delaware Loyalists. #{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 . 5. In June 1778 the regiment participated in the Battle of Monmouth Court House, as well as at Stony Point and Paulus Hook in the summer of 1779. 30. Unveiling and Preservation of the Monument Erected on the Dover Green. (Wilmington: Delaware State Society of the Cincinnati, 1912). George Read to President of Congress, (transcripts, photocopies), 1778, 2. Letters of Marque and Reprisal, 1778-1780, 5. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1956. He was a farmer, surveyor, Rev. These pension payment volumes record payments to Revolutionary War veterans and others. from The New England Quarterly IV, no. . Declaration of Independence, facsimile. Liberty and Independence: The Delaware State during the Revolution. Delaware Troops Leaving the Green, print of 1915 painting by Stanley Arthurs. : Delaware Society of Colonial Dames of America, 1911. #321a: The Declaration of Independence, translated into ten languages, 15. March 4, 2020. The American Historical Scene. Revolutionary War Bounty Land Warrants Used in the U.S. Military District of Ohio and Relating Papers (Acts of 1788, 1803, and 1806)" (NARA M829) collection contains warrants issued to veterans of the U.S. Commissary and personal accounts are intermingled. Revolutionary War records 93.2.2 surplus Delaware pensioners, . Letter from the Secretary of War transmitting . Hand colored; Shows the divisions of lands granted after the Revolutionary War to Gilpin, Thomas, ed. the name . WebMap of donation and depreciation lands in western Pennsylvania. Position of the Army at Brandewyne. 1777 (10). 4. Once upon a Time in Delaware. Photostat. Upon his arrival, General Washington announced that he would rename Fort Constitution (the matching Fort opposite Fort Washington) Fort Lee in his honor. Ohio, 1945). Each of the counties, New Castle, Kent, and Sussex, formed such a committee. #405: Aitkens Register account of Delaware, 1774, 20. Dr. James Tilton was a physician and patriot who served with Haslets regiment and then as a surgeon to the Continental Army. Richard Derring petition re: debts (photocopy), 1787, Revolutionary War Records, Privateer Records, 1778-1782 (4 folders, 1 oversized box), 1. Entries show ledger number, account title, reason for disbursement (military, order of General Assembly, salaries, and services rendered to the state) or receipt (tax, fee, or fine collected), date of entry, totals, and reference to entry in a ledger. Volumes IV and V of the Archives, dealing with the War of 1812, are not listed here. On 25 October 1776, the roughly 280 men still fit for duty in the regiment took part in the battle of White Plains. In May 1772, even though his military career was currently inactive, he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives. Commission issued by the Vice Admiralty Court, Bermuda, against American shipping, to Robert Burton, 1782, 6. Skinner, Mrs. G.S. The Film/Digital Notes contain a description of the microfilm or microfiche numbers. Matters were not helped by inflation. Transparency This article is to be continued in a future Pennsylvania magazine. 1. 21. 2. He died of fever 2 years later. Pay roll for Col. Samuel Pattersons officers, 1789, 40. Rules and articles, Delaware Troops, n.d. 2. 2. An Account of the First Naval Battle of the Revolutionary War. (New Bedford Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution, n.d.). Certificates of military service, 1784, 36. of the Sums Charged in the General . These records have been published in two volumes edited by Claudia Bushman, Harold B. Hancock, and Elizabeth Moyne Homsey (see bibliography section). WebIn 1764, they began to impose new laws and taxes. Siebert, Wilbur H. Loyalist Troops of New England. Repr. Lt. Knight of His Majestys Navy. Eberlein, Harold Donaldson, and Cortlandt Van Dyke Hubbard. The Loyalists of Revolutionary Delaware. R-73: Military Commissary Accounts, 1781-1783; Isaac Smith, Personal Accounts, 1781-1853; Pension file of Dennis Kell(e)y, 1832-1840. Washington and Tarleton. Colored engraving. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1974. Munroe, John A. Encampment of the Division under Lt. Gen. Knyphausen 29th August 1777. 1777 (5). Newark: University of Delaware, 1953. The Delaware Blues, as the regiment was sometimes known, some 750 soldiers, took part in the campaign for New York in the summer of 1776. 15. Washington, though disappointed, did nothing. Certificate of military service, 1787, 39. New York: Albert and Charles Boni, 1938. He spent 16 months in captivity, afraid thatGeneral William Howewould shoot him in the head as a deserter from the army, since he was considered an army deserter. Contains rules of order for the convention, which met to draw up a constitution for Delaware, as well as resolutions concerning the Flying Camp, delivery and payment for arms, and commissions. Photostat. Among Captain Robert Kirkwoods papers are photostats of his journal from 1777-1784. Lefferts, Charles Mackubin. BY JACOB DOLSON COX, A.M., LL.D. 1 (1904), FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The committees were kept busy throughout the Lower Counties. A list of the names of pensioners, under the act of 18th of March, 1818, whose names were struck of the list by act of 1st May, 1820, and sequently restored. Roebuck letter from Alexander Stuart at Lewes, 1776, 17. Captain Allen McLanes company of dragoons recruited in Delaware, and gained a id for themselves, whether on horseback or as infantry. Commanders of the Delaware Regiment 1776-1779, 11. Resolves 1840, c 21 directed the state secretary as record keeper for the Commonwealth to care for all records relating to military service by Massachusetts forces during the Revolutionary War. R-57: Index of the Journal and Order Book of Captain Robert Kirkwood, 1777-1791. 7. (these are free with registration) Revolutionary War Biographical Sketches of the Loyalists of the American Revolution, with an Historical Essay. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical Commission, 1942. Baltimore: Southern Book Company, 1955. With over 14,000 listings, this collection includes not only those who served in the Continental Army, but also many who served in the various state militias during the [Major] Andres Journal . WebSoldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War American independence was won by brave soldiers and sailors, American and French, who served in the armies and navies of the United States and France, in the militia, in state troops, and on privateers. AUTHOR OF PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR, FIELD-BOOK OF THE REVOLUTION, FIELD-BOOK OF THE WAR OF 1812, ETC. On Pale Rider! Ford, Paul Leicester, ed. He ordered a retreat instead of attacking the retreating British after only one volley, creating chaos. Correspondence includes missives from Delawares Council of Safety, military correspondence, a list of loyalist prisoners taken by Haslets regiment at Mamaroneck, New York, reports on the course of the war from officers to various Delaware officials, and communications between Delaware leaders. While some colonies (now states) had taxes that were gathered specifically in support of the War, Connecticut did not. Photostat. At theBattle of Monmouth, General Washington put General Charles Lee, the most senior of his officers, as secondary commander of the frontal assault. The General Assembly selected the four members, two by the House, and two by the Council. For printed depreciation notes paid to soldiers see (M-Ar)1599X, above. San Rafael, Ca. Also includes additional records of payments for recruiting bounties for the Flying Camp, and records of bounties paid for raising Continental reinforcements at the request of Congress. 1776, regarding rumored changes in the Constitution, a list of members of the Council, Correction and Addenda to the published Minutes, resolutions for opening subscriptions for Continental Loan Office certificates, and acts regarding payment, clothing and supplies for Delawares troops. 1. 3. Treasury Office. Cornelius Paynter(?) New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1974. Rioting between Whigs and Tories postponed October 1777 elections in Sussex County. 5. iPadian 4. Society of the Cincinnati membership certificate for James Tilton, 1787. Franchise Tax Robert Wilcox petition, surgeon of the Second Delaware Regiment of Militia, 1780, 32. List of Pennsylvania soldiers of the Revolutionary War entitled to depreciation pay, 1781-1783, including their regiments and ranks. . Ten thousand men were requested, but no more than a few thousand were ever on hand. Pension rolls and correspondence are interspersed. Fires in 1800 destroyed the earliest Revolutionary War pension application records. #25: Index of papers found in the New York Historical Society, re: Delaware, 4. In the booklet dated from 1784 to 1792, the correspondence originates in Dover and concerns, among other things, the settling of the accounts of the General Assembly for the Revolutionary War. As a result, pension application papers on file at the National Archives begin after 1800. History of Delaware, 1609-1888, 3 vols. Lee, expecting the Americans to lose, based on the information he had given Howe, turned the position down, so Washington put theMarquis de Lafayettein charge. A Plan of Part of the Province of Pennsylvania . It is best to consult the lists following groups of documents. Another folder of photostats contains correspondence of government and military officials to Rodney in his role as militia general and as President of Delaware State, a letter regarding the recovery of some public records taken during the British occupation of Wilmington, letters of Rodney to the president of Congress, and correspondence of Caesar and Thomas Rodney. Material relating to the Revolutionary War includes communication with the Assembly, a letter from Kent County ca. The Nehemiah Tilton papers folder contains photostats of two letters from 1782 dealing with current events and Delaware politics. They include letters asking for funds to defend the state, letters from Caesar Rodney asking individuals to break away from the British Crown, and correspondence between Rodney and the Assembly. MMXXIII Delaware.gov, Revolutionary War Records, Committee of Inspection and Observation, 1775-1777, Revolutionary War Records, Continental Congress, 1776-1778, Revolutionary War Records, Loyalist Records, 1775-1783, RG 9200M10.000 Allen McLane Papers, 1777-1821, RG 9200R01.000 George Read Papers, 1764-1782. He also wrote to other generals, criticizing Washingtons performance. For a while, he was very outwardly supportive, helped recruit troops, built defenses, trained his troops. Folder 2 contains pay rolls and muster rolls from 1777-1780, and January 1781, another musical notation, a furlough from 1779, and regiment returns from August and November 1781. #354: Daughters of the American Revolution lineage book, 16. . . Samuel Patterson to President of Delaware State, 1783, 31. Read, William Thompson. (Dover: Public Archives Commission of Delaware, 1932). RG 9200K02.000 Robert Kirkwood Papers, 1777-1791 (1 box). John Montressor journal extracts (transcripts), 1777, 16. Providence: Brown University Press, 1965. Peckham, Howard H. Guide to Manuscript Collections in the William Clements Library. Colonel John Haslet to General Rodney (transcript), 1776, 7. 2. #149: Revolutionary Warmilitary records, bounty warrants, HMS Roebuck, Delaware soldiers burial sites, Coochs Bridge, 10. On June 5, 1834, the U.S. Senate required the Secretary of War to submit a statement showing the names of Revolutionary War pensioners who were on the pension rolls or had previously been on the pension rolls. 1. Federalist Delaware, 1775-1815. Londahl-Smidt, Donald M. Notes Concerning the Uniform of the Delaware Battalion. Military Collector & Historian XIX, no. Landmarks of the Revolution. Yorktown Sesquicentennial Pageants: 1931. 13. Revised. The Secretary of War submitted the list of pensioners to the Senate in 1818. Ferguson, Bessie Brockson. The rolls may also list deserters and killed, ill, or discharged soldiers. 1. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Record Administration, 1995. Based near Perth Amboy, New Jersey, forces from the camp, including the Delaware contingent, saw some action in the New York campaign. Ihr Schreiner & Schlosser in Steinperf und Dillenburg Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1981. There are appointments and commissions of officers and soldiers of the army, marching orders, and supply requests. Burning of King Georges Portrait, event poster, 1976. Before the Revolution: Yankee Doodle Comes to Delaware. Reasons why microfilms may not yet be available digitally on FamilySearch.org include: FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27) | Privacy Notice (Updated 2021-04-06), 2023 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. (8), Few in the Delaware regiment took part in Washingtons attack on Trenton, or in the battle of Princeton. Jacob Bennett re: ships captured by the British, 1777, 19. The colony refused to use stamps, held protest meetings, sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress, and boycotted British goods. Rodney, George Brydges. (. Wilmington: Delaware Society of the Sons of the Revolution, 1941. . Dickinson was a member of Congress, a militia colonel, and President of Delaware and of Pennsylvania during the Revolution. Matchette, Robert B. Samuel Shute journal extracts (transcript), 1781, 34. what is a group ambassador badge on facebook; zabbix opentelemetry; kumovi serija 2 epizoda. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1864. Each section is arranged by company, and sometimes is thereunder alphabetical by name. Entries show date of entry, account heading, payee or payer, reason for disbursement, or receipts, amount of receipt or disbursement, and daily balances. 15. Photostat. Hoist by his own petard: Robespierre was sent to the guillotine in 1794. Philadelphia: Thomas, Cowperthwait and Company, 1846. Although primarily Revolutionary War pensions, this series includes a few War of 1812 pensions. Thanks to all who attended our Revolutionary War program this past Wednesday. Revolutionary War Records at FamilySearch. Orders on the State Treasurer to Pay Militia Officers, Arrangements . After Camden, the Delaware regiment was reorganized on two different occasions; first being divided into two companies, then being divided into three companies of light infantry with troops from Maryland. [Campaigns of 1776 and 1777]. Revolutionary War Records, Accounts, 1776-1807 (23 folders). Philadelphia: J. Crissy, 1839. RG 1315.008 Auditor of Accounts Waste Book, 1784-1796. Their term of service ended 3 November 1780.(13). In 1781, it participated in Pyle's massacre and the siege of Ninety Six. United States U.S. Military Revolutionary War Pension Records and Bounty Land Warrants ', The first pension law in 1776 granted half-pay for life to soldiers disabled in the service and unable to earn a living. 2. Ann Arbor: William Clements Library, 1928. Vindication of Col. David Hall (photostat), 1790, 41. 15. wife switch video slutload; knowledge matters sponsorship simulation answers; today fixed matches pay after win. Drake, Edward. 11. Personal Recollections of Captain Enoch Anderson . 9. In 1778, Benjamin Rush wrote Dickinson regarding the political situation in Pennsylvania, much correspondence between Dickinson and colleagues in other states exists from that year as well. For a full synopsis of the This page has been viewed 50,559 times (0 via redirect). Treasury Office. 4. 2. . Exiles in Virginia: With Observations on the Conduct of the Society of Friends During the Revolutionary War. List of invalid pensioners (photostat), 1790-1791, 10. (D.A.R. Ryden, George H. Delaware Troops in the Revolution. Catharine Meritt, re: William Dowdle, 1837, RG 1800.111 Military Pension Receipt Books, 1817-1829 (1 Box). Uniforms of the American, British, French and German Armies in the War of the American Revolution, 1775-1783. 1-17 each represent a regiment, divided into two sections, one for payments made from 1780 (for 1777-1779 service) and the other for later (from1782) payments (for 1780 service). Original, photostat. 10. He spent ten months meeting different patriots and receiving a warm welcome. Mobile Apps Kent County (transcripts and photostats), 1775-1776, 3. 4. This was true in Delaware as well. State treasurers accounts with Edward Pole, 1807, Revolutionary War Records, AccountsForfeited Estates, 1771-1790 (13 folders), 7. Pension Receipts 1821-1822 (2 folders), RG 1315.006 Revolutionary War Veterans Accounts with the United States Government, 1776-1787. Washington, D.C.: United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission, 1932. Correspondence includes reports from the Treasury Department to loan agents concerning payment or inquiries about discrepancies, letters from the Navy Department after 1812, instructions on the issuing of money to heirs of pensioners, charts for determining payment, statements certifying the guardians of heirs, instructions on the payment of half-pay pensioners, and instructions on determining eligibility. History of Delaware, Past and Present. . Committee on Accounts. Clark, Raymond B., Jr. Maryland Revolutionary Records: How to Find and Interpret Them. Delaware Marketplace Completing their service at Dobbs Ferry on 7 October, Neills men were sent home from Philadelphia on 22 October. Cooch, Eleanor B. Delaware Signers of the Oath of Allegiance. and Daniel Jester, 1832, 69. 8. 1976. He was assigned the southern campaign protecting South Carolina against Henry Clinton. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. The Legion was disbanded at Winchester, Virginia, on November 15, 1783.[1]. Lists of pensioners detail the name, rank, amount of pension, and residence of the pensioner. Washingtons Official Map of Yorktown (Washington: National Archives, 1952). Delaware played an important role in the formation of the United States of America, being the first to ratify the new federal constitution. 17. Preparations for peace were a topic of discussion, as were soldiers pay and reimbursement for the medical services of Dr. James Tilton. WebOther information on the site includes histories of Union and Confederate regiments, links to descriptions of significant battles, and selected lists of prisoner-of-war records and cemetery records. N.p., 1903. . In 1778, Map of the Original Thirteen Colonies (S. Augustus Mitchell, 1876). Thomas Rodney to Caesar Rodney (transcripts, photostats, originals), 1776, 6. Correspondence from 1783 can be found in Box 3 of the Dickinson papers. Folder 1 contains general orders, division and brigade orders, proceedings of court martials and courts of inquiry, company returns, muster rolls, musical notations, and a journal of marches from March through December 1777. 2, 1950. Resolution of separation from Great Britain (American Archives transcript), 1776, Revolutionary War Records, Loyalist Records, 1775-1783 (10 folders), 2. The colonists were not happy with the new taxes. 1 (1931): 108-147. Order: Troops to False Cape (American Archive transcript), 1776, 9. Delaware Tercentenary Commission map of Delaware, with illustrations, 1938. Road from Coochs Bridge to Elk Court House . bosch b22ct80sns01 ice New York: Hawthorn Books, 1975. Tax Center WebRevolutionary War Records, Loyalist Records, 1775-1783 (10 folders) Revolutionary War Records, Military Records, 1775-1908 (41 folders) Box 3 Revolutionary War Records, Entries for each account include disbursements for prisoners of war, the commissarys department, transportation, the hospital department, quartermasters department, contingent expenses, forage department, and for arms, ammunition, and ordnance stores. Some of the affidavits show the veterans age, physical condition, occupation, family member names and ages, inventory of property, and other personal information. Receipts were not always dated or signed. In July 1775, the Sussex County Committee of Inspection suspected Thomas Robinson of expressing Tory sympathies. Other reimbursements and deductions to be included were detailed on preliminary forms in Resolves 1780, Apr Sess, c 191, May 18, 1781. Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army During the War of the Revolution. 20. 1. 1. Duane, William, Jr. A 1992 reprint in four volumes (FS Library 973 M24ua 1992) is also available. The Lower Counties, as Delaware was then known, were technically part of Pennsylvania, though after 1704 the two colonies had separate legislatures. Letter from President of the convention, New Castle County (photocopy), 1776, 10. Desparate to know the location of Lees troops, Washington opened a letter Lee had written toGen. Joseph Reedand discovered that many of his generals were criticizing his judgment. nahl protected list 2021; harp funeral notices merthyr tydfil best owb holster for s&w governor revolutionary war lee depreciation list. This includes instructions for payment, statements certifying that an individual was the heir of a pensioner, and letters from physicians certifying disability. Letters To and From Caesar Rodney, 1756-1784. (9), More men was not long in coming. 16. Related Topics:American Revolution, Delaware History, Early Delaware History, Revolutionary War, Revolutionary War Guide, Sons of the American Revolution, Delaware's Governor 1915 painting by Stanley Arthurs. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974. 7. 31. Index: 0.27 cubic ft. (1 doc. Haslets men again guarded the rear of the army as the Americans crossed the Delaware into Pennsylvania. Washington, D.C.: American Revolution Bicentennial Office, 1975. Citizens were required to take an oath of allegiance or declaration of fidelity to the new nation or the Delaware State and abandon all loyalty to the King of Great Britain. Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y.: N.p., 1966. Taking into account rank and length of service, auditors estimated how much each soldier should receive, issuing depreciation certificates because the currency had been devalued so severely.(16). [Part of the modern counties of Philadelphia, Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, Chester, and Lancaster in Pennsylvania, New Castle in Delaware, and Cecil in Maryland. In September 1781, after the battle of Eutaw Springs, British general Cornwallis retreated to Yorktown, where Washington and his French allies besieged the British forces. He recovered, and helped take part in the last few battles in the Conquest of Canada. Public Archives Commission of Delaware. Depreciation of pay, certificates for Delaware members of Lees Legion, certificates for pay and subsistence, affidavits and petitions, information on Captain Peter Jaquett, miscellaneous items. . They follow the proceedings of the Council prior to the colonies separation from the British Empire. Disposition of British fleet by Sarah OBryan (transcripts), 1777, Revolutionary War Records, Committee of Safety (Pennsylvania), 1776 (1 folder), Revolutionary War Records, Continental Congress, 1776-1778 (2 folders), Revolutionary War Records, Correspondence, 1765-1830 (33 folders), 1. General John Sullivans Indian Expedition, 1779. (Pennsylvania Historical Commission, 1929). Though he had little to do with the victory at theBattle of Sullivans Island, he earned the title the hero of Charleston.. . 3. Delaware Memorial at Valley Forge. Morris, Irving. Photostat. The Delaware States Privy Council, created by the 1776 Constitution, worked with the President. David Finney papers, re: Loyalists, 1777-1778, 7. Regimental ledgers, 1777-1782 (bulk 1777-1779), Muster rolls of the Revolutionary War, 1767-1833 (bulk 1775-1783), Certificate book for Revolutionary War disability pensions, 1786-1792, Registers of certificates given for Revolutionary War service, 1832-1885, Massachusetts General Court Committee to Settle with the Army. A service provided by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Dyer, Alan F. The Colonial and Early National Periods in American History (1492-1789): A Bibliography of Dissertations.

Black Sheep Menu Calories, Articles R